Friday, February 26, 2010

Shocking Facts on Water Usage from WaterSense


If half of the households across Region 9, replaced their pre-1994 toilets with WaterSense labeled toilets, annual savings would be more than 92 billion gallons—enough water to supply the city of San Francisco for more than 3 years.
 
By watering lawns and gardens more efficiently, Region 9 residents can potentially save a total of 410 million gallons each day—the amount of water that would flow from one garden hose running constantly for 120 years.

Retrofitting just 20 percent of households in Region 9 with water-efficient fixtures could save 104 billion gallons per year—the amount of water used by the entire population of California taking a shower every day for nearly 6 months.

If every household in Region 9 installed WaterSense labeled faucets or faucet aerators, it would save nearly 30 million gallons every day—enough water in one day to fill the manmade lake that contains the world famous fountains at the Bellagio Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Climate-related:

  .    Letting your faucet run wastes more energy that you probably think while you perform tasks such as washing dishes or shaving. In fact, letting your faucet run for 5 minutes uses about as much energy as letting a 60-watt light bulb run for 14 hours.

  .    Most people don't realize that they can help address climate change by reducing household water use, but simple water savings can help reduce the energy required to supply and treat public water supplies. If only one out of every 100 American homes retrofitted with water-efficient fixtures, water utilities in the United States could save about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year—avoiding 80,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions or equivalent to removing nearly 15,000 automobiles from the road for one year!

  .    I bet you didn't think that there was a link between flushing your toilet and greenhouse gas emissions. The truth is that it takes energy to supply and treat the water that flows through your toilet, and you can make a big difference by reducing the amount of water used to flush your commode. In fact, if one out of every 10 U.S. households with pre-1994 toilets replaced them with new WaterSense labeled toilets, our communities could save more than 320 million kilowatt-hours of electricity every year—avoiding 250,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions. That's equivalent to removing more than 43,000 cars from the road for a whole year!If half of the households across Region 9, replaced their pre-1994 toilets with WaterSense labeled toilets, annual savings would be more than 92 billion gallons—enough water to supply the city of San Francisco for more than 3 years. 
  
By watering lawns and gardens more efficiently, Region 9 residents can potentially save a total of 410 million gallons each day—the amount of water that would flow from one garden hose running constantly for 120 years. 

Retrofitting just 20 percent of households in Region 9 with water-efficient fixtures could save 104 billion gallons per year—the amount of water used by the entire population of California taking a shower every day for nearly 6 months. 

If every household in Region 9 installed WaterSense labeled faucets or faucet aerators, it would save nearly 30 million gallons every day—enough water in one day to fill the manmade lake that contains the world famous fountains at the Bellagio Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. 

Climate-related: 

 _. Letting your faucet run wastes more energy that you probably think while you perform tasks such as washing dishes or shaving. In fact, letting your faucet run for 5 minutes uses about as much energy as letting a 60-watt light bulb run for 14 hours.

 _. Most people don't realize that they can help address climate change by reducing household water use, but simple water savings can help reduce the energy required to supply and treat public water supplies. If only one out of every 100 American homes retrofitted with water-efficient fixtures, water utilities in the United States could save about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year—avoiding 80,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions or equivalent to removing nearly 15,000 automobiles from the road for one year!

 _. I bet you didn't think that there was a link between flushing your toilet and greenhouse gas emissions. The truth is that it takes energy to supply and treat the water that flows through your toilet, and you can make a big difference by reducing the amount of water used to flush your commode. In fact, if one out of every 10 U.S. households with pre-1994 toilets replaced them with new WaterSense labeled toilets, our communities could save more than 320 million kilowatt-hours of electricity every year—avoiding 250,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions. That's equivalent to removing more than 43,000 cars from the road for a whole year!
Toilet-related: 

 _.  Nine out of 10 new homes built in 2008 included at least two toilets. In fact, more than 3 million new toilets are purchased every year to install in new homes. We could save nearly 3 billion gallons of water per year if builders installed WaterSense labeled toilets into every new home built, saving the new residents $16 million in water utility bills annually.

 _. Replacing a pre-1994 toilet with a new WaterSense labeled model can reduce water used for toilets by about 60 percent and save about 16 percent of total indoor water use. Savings for a typical household would be more than 10,000 gallons per year—enough to fill a backyard swimming pool!

 _. Come Super Sunday, about 90 million people will be watching the big game. If all its viewers get up to use a toilet at halftime, the result would be about 300 million gallons flushing in near sync—now that's one super flush! However, if everyone owned a WaterSense labeled toilet, the occurrence would only require about a third of that amount—saving nearly 200 million gallons from being used!

 _. If a family of four replaces their older, inefficient toilets with new WaterSense labeled toilets, it could save them more than 16,000 gallons per year. Retrofitting their house could save the family approximately $2,000 in water and wastewater bills over the lifetime of the toilets.
     . Don't use your toilet as a wastebasket by flushing tissues. Eliminating just one flush per day can save nearly 1,300 gallons per year, or enough to wash about 32 loads of laundry. If every household in the U.S. reduced their toilet water use by one flush a day, it could save more than 130 billion gallons.

     . Did you know that flushing an old inefficient toilet is like flushing twice?  Older model toilets use more than twice the amount of water per flush than their new, high-efficiency counterparts. In fact, it only takes 37 flushes of an older toilet – a little more than a week's worth for one person – to use as much water as 101 flushes of a WaterSense labeled high-efficiency toilet.

     . The average American uses about 18 gallons of water per day simply by flushing their older, pre-1994 toilets. Citizens in more than 60 countries around the world—including China, Venezuela, Romania, Afghanistan, and Pakistan—use about the same daily amount of water or less for all domestic uses, not just flushing the toilet. By installing WaterSense labeled high-efficiency toilets, Americans can reduce the amount of water flushed down their toilets by more than 60 percent. Look for the WaterSense label!

     .  I bet you didn't think that there was a link between flushing your toilet and greenhouse gas emissions.  The truth is that it takes energy to supply and treat the water that flows through your toilet, and you can make a big difference by reducing the amount of water used to flush your commode.  In fact, if one out of every ten U.S. households with pre-1994 toilets replaced them with a new WaterSense labeled high-efficiency toilet, we could save more than 320 million kilowatt-hours of electricity every year – avoiding 250,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions.  That's equivalent to removing more than 43,000 cars from the road for a whole year!

     . If all older, inefficient toilets existing in the United States were replaced by WaterSense labeled toilets, we would save nearly 640 billion gallons annually. That's equivalent to 15 days worth of flow over Niagara Falls.
 
  _. Don't use your toilet as a wastebasket by flushing tissues. Eliminating just one flush per day can save nearly 1,300 gallons per year, or enough to wash about 32 loads of laundry. If every household in the U.S. reduced their toilet water use by one flush a day, it could save more than 130 billion gallons.
 _. Did you know that flushing an old inefficient toilet is like flushing twice?  Older model toilets use more than twice the amount of water per flush than their new, high-efficiency counterparts. In fact, it only takes 37 flushes of an older toilet – a little more than a week's worth for one person – to use as much water as 101 flushes of a WaterSense labeled high-efficiency toilet.
 _. The average American uses about 18 gallons of water per day simply by flushing their older, pre-1994 toilets. Citizens in more than 60 countries around the world—including China, Venezuela, Romania, Afghanistan, and Pakistan—use about the same daily amount of water or less for all domestic uses, not just flushing the toilet. By installing WaterSense labeled high-efficiency toilets, Americans can reduce the amount of water flushed down their toilets by more than 60 percent. Look for the WaterSense label!
 _.  I bet you didn't think that there was a link between flushing your toilet and greenhouse gas emissions.  The truth is that it takes energy to supply and treat the water that flows through your toilet, and you can make a big difference by reducing the amount of water used to flush your commode.  In fact, if one out of every ten U.S. households with pre-1994 toilets replaced them with a new WaterSense labeled high-efficiency toilet, we could save more than 320 million kilowatt-hours of electricity every year – avoiding 250,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions.  That's equivalent to removing more than 43,000 cars from the road for a whole year!
 _. If all older, inefficient toilets existing in the United States were replaced by WaterSense labeled toilets, we would save nearly 640 billion gallons annually. That's equivalent to 15 days worth of flow over Niagara Falls.
  Faucets and Showerheads: 
 _. Bathrooms are by far the largest water user in the home–responsible for about half of all indoor water use. But some simple changes to everyday habits can save considerable amounts of water.  By turning off the water while you brush your teeth and shave, you can save up to 8 and 10 gallons, respectively. Assuming that you brush your teeth twice daily and shave 5 days a week, you could save as much as 5,000 gallons of water per year by simply turning off the tap–that's enough for more than a year's worth of showering! 
 _. Easily corrected household water leaks rob homeowners of 12% of their water bill. Primary types of leaks are leaking toilet flappers, and leaking faucets and other valves.  All are easily correctable. Leaks decrease by approximately 70 percent after retrofitting a household with new high-efficiency fixtures.
 _. Using WaterSense labeled faucets or faucet accessories could reduce a household's annual faucet water use by nearly 600 gallons and 70 kilowatt-hours of electricity used for heating the water. That's enough water to do 14 loads of laundry and enough electricity to power your hair dryer for about 8 minutes a day for a whole year!
 _. Letting your faucet run wastes more energy that you probably think while you perform tasks such as washing dishes or shaving. In fact, letting your faucet run for 5 minutes uses about as much energy as letting a 60-watt light bulb run for 14 hours.
 _. Installing high-efficiency faucets or faucet aerators could reduce a household's faucet water by more than 500 gallons annually – can have a payback period as little as one year and could save between 2850 and 8500 gallons and as much as $50 over the lifetime of the product!
 _. If every home in the United States installed WaterSense labeled faucets or faucet aerators in the bathrooms, it would save 60 billion gallons of water annually—saving households more than $350 million in water bills and about $600 million in energy costs to heat their water.  Additionally, water and wastewater utilities would save 200 million kilowatt-hours of electricity normally used for supplying and treating that water.
 _. Installing WaterSense labeled faucets or faucet accessories in your bathroom could reduce your household's faucet water use by more than 500 gallons annually. Retrofitting with faucet accessories could have a payback period of one year or less – and retrofitting with new faucets could save more than 8,000 gallons and as much as $150 over the lifetime of the products!
 _. A leaky faucet that drips at the rate of one drip per second can waste more than 3,100 gallons per year – that's enough to flush an HET nearly 2,500 times.
If everyone in your household reduced the length of their shower by 1 minute, the resulting savings would be more than 1600 gallons or enough water for a family of four to wash their dishes for a year. If everyone in America reduced the length of their shower by one minute, it would save approximately 180 billion gallons of water a year and about $3 billion in water associated costs.
http://www.epa.gov/watersense/




Thursday, February 25, 2010

Eliminate Plastic Bags

Reusablebags.com Says:
Your actions count! Here are some ideas, tips and tools we've pulled together to help you change the status quo and reduce the mindless consumption of single-use plastic and paper bags. Our goal is to make it easy for you to take action and make a difference.

To get involved, you can: 

  • Check out our tips on how to cut down on your consumption of disposable shopping bags.
  • E-mail retailers and government officials to voice your concerns. Our form letters make it easy.
  • Give newspapers, radio and TV stations a "heads up" - this is a story whose time has come!
  • Pledge today to "Bring Your Own Bag" and pass the word along. Visit New American Dream for details.


Want to do a bit more? 

Together we can make a difference.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world: indeed it's the only thing that ever has!"-- Margaret Meade

http://www.reusablebags.com/action.php

Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Industrial Strength Fungus


At an organic farm just outside Monterey, Calif., a super-eco building material is growing in dozens of darkened shipping containers. The farm is named Far West Fungi, and its rusting containers are full of all sorts of mushrooms--shiitake, reishi and pom-pom, to name a few. But Philip Ross, an artist, an inventor and a seriously obsessed amateur mycologist, isn't interested in the fancy caps we like to eat. What he's after are the fungi's thin, white rootlike fibers. Underground, they form a vast network called a mycelium. Far West Fungi's dirt-free hothouses pack in each mycelium so densely that it forms a mass of bright white spongy matter.
Mycelium doesn't taste very good, but once it's dried, it has some remarkable properties. It's nontoxic, fireproof and mold- and water-resistant, and it traps more heat than fiberglass insulation. It's also stronger, pound for pound, than concrete. In December, Ross completed what is believed to be the first structure made entirely of mushroom. (Sorry, the homes in the fictional Smurf village don't count.) The 500 bricks he grew at Far West Fungi were so sturdy that he destroyed many a metal file and saw blade in shaping the 'shrooms into an archway 6 ft. (1.8 m) high and 6 ft. wide. Dubbed Mycotectural Alpha, it is currently on display at a gallery in Germany.
Nutty as "mycotecture" sounds, Ross may be onto something bigger than an art project. A promising start-up named Ecovative is building a 10,000-sq.-ft. (about 930 sq m) myco-factory in Green Island, N.Y. "We see this as a whole new material, a woodlike equivalent to plastic," says CEO Eben Bayer. The three-year-old company has been awarded grants from the EPA and the National Science Foundation, as well as the Department of Agriculture--because its mushrooms feast on empty seed husks from rice or cotton. "You can't even feed it to animals," says Bayer of this kind of agricultural waste. "It's basically trash."
After the husks are cooked, sprayed with water and myco-vitamins and seeded with mushroom spores, the mixture is poured into a mold of the desired shape and left to grow in a dark warehouse. A week or two later, the finished product is popped out and the material rendered biologically inert. The company's first product, a green alternative to Styrofoam, is taking on the packaging industry. Called Ecocradle, it is set to be shipped around a yet-to-be-disclosed consumer item this spring.
One of the beauties of Ecocradle is that unlike Styrofoam--which is hard to recycle, let alone biodegrade--this myco-material can easily serve as mulch in your garden. Ecovative's next product, Greensulate, will begin targeting the home-insulation market sometime next year. And according to Bayer's engineering tests, densely packed mycelium is strong enough to be used in place of wooden beams. "It's not so far-out," he says of Ross's art house. So could Bayer see himself growing a mushroom house and living in it? "Well"--he hesitates--"maybe we'd start with a doghouse."

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1957474,00.html

California Water Tour

The California Water Tour seeks to bring together 20-25 qualified students and young professionals on a week-long exploration of California's intricate natural and artificial water systems. Participants will visit public, private, research and non-profit institutions in a peer-to-peer dialogue concerning the future of California's water. The tour, which is planned for June 20 - 26, 2010, is open to currently enrolled college students or graduates who have completed at least 60 units in any major and who are engaged or interested in the sustainability of California's water system.  Most importantly, this tour needs you! Apply today to be one of the 20-25 students selected for this amazing opportunity. Applications will be accepted until March 21st. More information is available on the website.
To apply, visit the web site at:  www.californiawatertour.org

Monday, February 8, 2010

Green Chemistry


Green Chemistry
Relying extensively on nonrenewable petroleum feedstocks, conventional industrial chemistry disseminates a cocktail of synthetic chemicals throughout the global environment, presenting substantial risks to humans and other organisms. In contrast, the emerging field of green chemistry develops chemicals to be benign by design. Rather than presuming to keep human and ecological exposures to chemicals within levels of toxicity deemed “acceptable,” practitioners of green or sustainable chemistry aim to make chemicals that are inherently safe.
Principles of green chemistry include:

  • Design chemical products that have little or no toxicity and that break down to innocuous substances after use so that they do not accumulate in the environment.
  • Use renewable feedstocks, such as corn and soybeans.
  • Design syntheses so that the final product contains the maximum proportion of the starting materials, with few atoms wasted.
  • Minimize use of solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary chemicals; when these chemicals are necessary, use innocuous chemicals such as water.
  • Increase energy efficiency by manufacturing at ambient temperature and pressure.
Examples of green chemistry now in commerce include substitution of supercritical carbon dioxide for perchloroethylene (perc) as a solvent in professional dry cleaning. Water has replaced petroleum distillates in paint. And manufacture of ibuprofen no longer creates cyanide and formaldehyde as hazardous wastes.
No one knows exactly how far chemists and chemical engineers can go in learning to do their work with far less environmental harm. However, historians and sociologists studying technology find that technical systems usually are far more malleable than would first appear; and many green chemists suggest that the main barriers to chemical greening are economic and political rather than scientific.
Some of these barriers are within chemistry itself. “Use the word ‘green’ in a grant application and you might as well stamp it: ‘DO NOT FUND,’” says one green chemist who did not get tenure. The American Chemical Society now houses the Green Chemistry Institute, but premier chemistry conferences still devote little attention to environmental sustainability. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers code requires members to “serve their communities … and alert authorities to business practices that endanger health and environment”—yet environmental sustainability plays little role in the organization’s activities. Most university chemistry and chemical engineering departments do not offer a single course on green chemical design/production or even require students to study toxicology.
Pfizer now has a vice president for green chemistry, DuPont is making more than 10 percent of its products from corn and other renewable feedstocks, and the carpet industry is learning how to make its products biodegradable. Nevertheless, the inertia of “brown” chemistry is evident across industry—for example, in aggressively expanded production of vinyl siding, doors, and windows despite significant toxic releases over the material’s lifecycle (e.g., in fires).
Governments also are moving slowly. The Toxic Substances Control Act has failed to keep dangerous new chemicals off the market since enactment in 1976. The U.S. government has refused to sign the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and has assisted chemical industry efforts to undermine the European Union’s new unified regulatory system for chemicals. Meanwhile, only 7 percent of U.S. federal spending on chemical research and development is devoted to green chemicals, and with the partial exception of Greenpeace, environmental groups have been slow to take up the cause.
Altogether, green chemistry has great potential and dovetails with other environmental thinking, including cradle-to-cradle design, the Natural Step, clean production, and life-cycle assessment. Activating that potential would require some combination of pressure from environmentalists, improved coverage in the media, taxes on toxic chemicals, subsidies for green chemical research and development, and changes in university curricula. In the meantime, “brown” chemistry continues to prevail.

See Also: Green Production and Industry; Greenpeace; Life-Cycle Analysis; Maize; Petroleum; Soybeans; Sustainability.

Bibliography
Matlack, Albert. Introduction to Green Chemistry. Washington, D.C.: CRC Press, 2001)
Thornton, Joe. Pandora’s Poison: Chlorine, Health, and a New Environmental Strategy.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Green Chemistry,” Available online at:
Woodhouse, Edward J. and Steve Breyman, “Green Chemistry as Social Movement?” Science,
 Technology and Human Values (v.30/Spring, 2005).

Edward Woodhouse
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Jeff Howard
University of Texas at Arlington